​科普｜恐怖谷效应

科普｜恐怖谷效应

当我们看见与人类达到高度相似的物体时，会产生恐惧感。你是否有过这样的经历？害怕人物蜡像，对仿真机器人感到恐惧，对十分像人的动物感到生理不适等。这就是恐怖谷效应。

恐怖谷理论是由日本机器人专家森昌弘在1970年提出的，它是一个关于人类对机器人和非人类物体的感觉到假设。森昌弘的假设指出：由于机器人与人类在外表、动作上相似，所以人类亦会对机器人产生正面的情感；而当机器人与人类的相似程度达到一个特定程度的时候，人类对他们的反应便会突然变得极其负面和反感，哪怕机器人与人类只有一点点的差别，都会显得非常显眼刺目，从而整个机器人有非常僵硬恐怖的感觉，犹如面对行尸走肉；当机器人和人类的相似度继续上升，相当于普通人之间的相似度的时候，人类对他们的情感反应会再度回到正面，产生人类与人类之间的移情作用。

比如说这张图片，小火车托马斯的眼睛直勾勾地盯着屏幕前的你，虽然我们能意识到它不会对我们造成任何威胁，但看见图片的瞬间，还是会闪过一丝恐惧。

再比如说这张图片，是一个戴假牙的毛绒玩具熊。

（考虑到部分读者的心理承受能力，更多图片可自行百度。）

根据进化心理学的理论，经过数百万年的物竞天择，没有被大自然淘汰的现存人类脑部中有一种逻辑偏袒性，提供一种高度能力去感应并且排斥那些反映遗传性疾病或缺乏健康的整体外表上微观或宏观人类畸形。因此无意地（也可以有意地，假如观察者明确地对此作出思考），那些反常的类人实体在人类基因库中会有的潜在冲击，同样会响起观察者的警告。

When we see objects that are highly similar to humans, we feel fear. Have you ever had such an experience? Fear of wax figures of characters, fear of simulated robots, and physical discomfort of animals that look very human. This is the uncanny valley effect.

The Uncanny Valley theory was proposed by Japanese robotics expert Masahiro Mori in 1970. It is a hypothesis about how humans perceive robots and non-human objects. Mori Masahiro’s hypothesis pointed out that because robots and humans are similar in appearance and actions, humans will also have positive emotions on robots; and when the similarity between robots and humans reaches a certain level, humans will respond to them. Suddenly become extremely negative and disgusting, even if the robot is only a little different from humans, it will be very conspicuous, so that the whole robot has a very stiff and terrifying feeling, as if facing a walking dead; when the similarity between robots and humans continues to rise, it is quite At the time of similarity between ordinary people, humans’ emotional response to them will return to the positive again, resulting in empathy between humans.

For example, in this picture, Thomas the little train stares straight at you in front of the screen. Although we can realize that it will not pose any threat to us, the moment we see the picture, there will still be a trace of fear.

For another example, this picture is a plush teddy bear wearing dentures.(Considering the psychological endurance of some readers, more pictures can be Baidu by yourself.)

According to the theory of evolutionary psychology, after millions of years of natural selection, the existing human brain that has not been eliminated by nature has a kind of logical partiality, providing a high ability to sense and reject those that reflect genetic diseases or Lack of health overall appearance on the microscopic or macroscopic human deformity. Therefore, unintentionally (or deliberately, if the observer explicitly thinks about it), the potential impact of abnormal humanoid entities in the human gene pool will also sound the observer's warning. volume_upcontent_copyshare

参考资料：百度百科

翻译：Google翻译

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